Systems and methods for input overcurrent protection

ABSTRACT

A system and method of protecting the input components of a power supply. An input overcurrent protection module is provided, which may be implemented in firmware, which monitors the input current through an input interface of the power supply. When the input current exceeds a threshold current (i.e., a current above the maximum rating of an input component, such as an input cable), the input current protection module determines whether an input overcurrent event is occurring. When it is determined that an input overcurrent event has occurred, the input current protection module disables the output circuitry of the power supply and triggers a few timers. The input overcurrent protection module continues to monitor the input and, if the input current continues to exceed the threshold current, is configured to shut down the power supply. In this way, input components may be protected from overcurrent issues in high-power systems.

DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART

Power supplies primarily convert electric power from a power source intothe correct voltage, current, and frequency required for one or moreelectrical loads. Accordingly, all power supplies include a power inputconnector (to receive electric current from a power source) and a poweroutput connector (to distribute the converted power to loads). Powersupplies and their components are generally rated by rating agencies forvarious electrical parameters, identifying the maximum amount of eachparameter the component is capable of handling without degrading orfailing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure, in accordance with one or more variousembodiments, is described in detail with reference to the followingfigures. The figures are provided for purposes of illustration only andmerely depict typical or example embodiments.

FIG. 1A illustrates an example power supply with input overcurrentprotection in accordance with embodiments of the technology disclosedherein.

FIG. 1B illustrates an example input current protection circuit inaccordance with embodiments of the technology disclosed herein.

FIG. 2 is a signal readout illustrating an example operation of theinput current protection module in accordance with embodiments of thetechnology disclosed herein.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example method in accordance with embodiments ofthe technology disclosed herein.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example input current protection system inaccordance with embodiments of the technology disclosed herein.

The figures are not exhaustive and do not limit the present disclosureto the precise form disclosed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Traditionally, power supplies used to power a system include some formof output overcurrent protection. This protection seeks to protect thesystem components from damage due to conditions such as, for example, ashort circuit within the system. One or more components within the powersupply may be included to monitor the current being drawn by the varioussystem components (i.e., loads) during operation. If that currentexceeds a certain amount (possibly indicating a short circuit or otherissue), the overcurrent protection components can trigger a shut down ofthe power supply to attempt to protect the system from major damage.

As processing speeds and complexity increase, servers are increasinglydrawing more and more power. Accordingly, the operational demands onpower supplies has also increased. Because voltage within the systemgenerally needs to remain constant, the accepted current range forhigh-power application power supplies can approach (and exceed) thecurrent rating of the standard input line cord and input interface ofthe power supplies. Traditionally, it was the power supply's ability togenerate the required power for the system that served as the limitingfactor, but in these high-power situations it can be the input side ofthe power supply that is the limiting factor.

As the input side of the power supply is isolated from the system,output overcurrent protection fails to protect the input side componentsof the power supply. In high-power scenarios, the current being drawn bythe system may be within the system's normal operating range, but itcould exceed the worst-case rating of the input components of the powersupply. This compromises the reliability of the power supply, raises thepotential for thermal damage to the input components, and result inviolations of regulatory requirements that all components are operatingat less than or equal to 100% of their electrical component ratings. Onesolution would be to use higher rated input components. However, thiswould require a deviation from the standard input cable used with powersupplies, necessitating power supplies with a larger form factor toaccommodate the input connector components (and additional components tohandle the larger input power). This adds high cost, requiring designwork for the power supply, thereby necessitating an increase in the formfactor of the server, thereby necessitating design of a server rack toaccommodate the changed form factor, and other cascading effects.

Embodiments of the present disclosure enable the dependable use ofstandard rated line cords and input interfaces with power suppliesserving the high power needs of today's servers and other computingdevices. Through dedicated primary side (i.e., input) monitoring, theembodiments can detect when the current being drawn by the power supplythrough its input interface exceeds 100% (or some other percentage) ofthe maximum rating of the input components, such as the input cable.When such an input overcurrent state is detected, the power supply canenter a fault state, and initiate a delay and a timer. In variousembodiments, the power supply can disconnect the output circuitry uponentering the fault state, so that the system loads cannot continue topull power through the power supply. After the delay expires, the powersupply can attempt to reenable the output circuitry. Once there is anattempt to reenable, the system continues to monitor the current beingdrawn by the power supply through its input interface. If another inputovercurrent condition is detected after being reenabled, the powersupply can latch off and disable the timer. In various embodiments,latching off the power supply can include triggering a relay, switch orother latch device within the power supply. However, if no subsequentinput overcurrent condition is detected before the timer expires, thepower supply will remain operating and the timer will be reset to itspredetermined length.

FIG. 1A illustrates an example power supply 100 with input overcurrentprotection in accordance with embodiments of the technology disclosedherein. As illustrated, the example power supply includes an inputinterface 102. In various embodiments, the input interface 102 can be analternating current (AC) input or a direct current (DC) input. The inputinterface 102 may be configured to mate with an external input cable(not pictured) in some embodiments, while in others the input interface102 may have an input cable permanently affixed.

The input interface 102 is generally connected to the conversioncircuitry 104 of the power supply 100. In various embodiments, a bridgerectifier 106 (e.g., a full-wave rectifier) may be included in theconversion circuitry 104 where the input signal is AC. Inimplementations in which the power supply output is in DC, the bridgerectifier 106 may be included to transform the AC input signal receivedinto a constant polarity output. For a DC-DC power supply, no bridgerectifier 106 is required. Whether a bridge rectifier 106 is used ornot, the input signal may be filtered via a filter 108 and the outputvoltage adjusted using, for example, a voltage regulator 110. The filter108 helps to smooth out the signal (whether direct DC or rectified DC)so that a near constant voltage is applied to the loads. The voltageregulator 110 prevents changes in the filtered DC voltage that mightotherwise because by variations in the input voltage or the load. Theconversion circuitry 104 is connected to an output interface 112.

The example power supply 110 can also include an output overcurrentprotection module 114. The output overcurrent protection module 114 canbe similar to conventional output overcurrent protection circuits andsolutions used in the field to provide output overcurrent protection topower supplies. As discussed above, however, output overcurrentprotection solutions in conventional power supplies are generallyisolated from the input interface 102 of the power supply, and arefocused instead on ensuring protection of the system connected to theoutput of power supply 100. As such, the existence of the outputovercurrent protection module 114 does not provide protection of theinput interface 102 or the input components (e.g., input cable)connected thereto.

In some embodiments, the input interface 102 in various embodiments caninclude one or more input fuses (not pictured). An input fuse isintended to provide protection where there is a catastrophic failure ofthe power supply. Generally, an input fuse is rated for greater than twotimes the maximum input current the power supply would draw if thesystem was operating at full load, but other fuse ratings can beprovided. In high-power scenarios, that rating could easily exceed theinput current rating for the input cable or the input interface 102. Forexample, it is possible that the system may draw current greater thanthe current rating of the input cable, but less than the rating of theinput fuse. In such cases, the power supply would continue to draw thehigher current, resulting in potential thermal damage to the input cableor other input components, or unreliable operation of the power supply.Moreover, an input fuse may be non-resettable such that once the fuse isblown, the power supply is inoperable unless and until that fuse isreplaced. For users, this could cause excessive downtime atinstallations and the need to maintain a surplus of power supplies.

Various embodiments of power supply 100 include an input currentprotection module 116. Input overcurrent protection module 116 isconfigured to monitor the input current of the power supply from theinput interface 102, prior to the conversion circuitry 116. Unlike inputfuses, the input overcurrent protection module 116 provides thecapability to provide protection to input cables and the input interface102 in high-power scenarios where the loads, and the power supply, arecapable of drawing above the input components current ratings at fullload.

In various embodiments, the input overcurrent protection module 116 maybe implemented in hardware circuitry of the power supply 100. In otherembodiments, the input overcurrent protection module 116 can beimplemented within an integrated circuit of the power supply 100. Thatis, the input overcurrent protection module 116 may be a digital circuitwithin one or more integrated circuit chips. In various embodiments, theintegrated circuit may be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), complex programmablelogic devices (CPLD), or other types of digital integrated circuits. Insome embodiments, the integrated circuit may be a mixed-signalintegrated circuit, including both analog and digital circuits. In otherembodiments, the input overcurrent protection module 116 may beimplemented in firmware stored in a non-volatile memory of the powersupply 100, and executable by a processor of the power supply 100. Insome embodiments, the processor of the power supply 100 may be anintegrated circuit like those discussed above. In some embodiments, theinput overcurrent protection module 116 and the output overcurrentprotection module 114 may be implemented within the same integratedcircuit.

The input overcurrent protection module 116 can be designed to monitorthe input interface 102 to determine when the input current exceeds therating of the various input components. For example, the input currentprotection module 116 may be designed to protect a standard, 10A/16A rmsrated input cable from overcurrent events. Following this example, invarious embodiments the input overcurrent protection module 116 may beconfigured to determine when the input current exceeds greater than 10Aovercurrent for greater than a predetermined period of time. Anovercurrent detection timer can be adjusted based on the amount oftolerance is acceptable. Continuing with the standard cable example, theovercurrent detection timer may be four seconds, such that when theinput current exceeds 10A for greater than four seconds the inputovercurrent protection module 116 would trigger that an overcurrentevent has occurred. The input overcurrent protection module 116 can thensend a signal to disable the power supply, or parts of the power supply.For example, the signal may shut down power supply 100, it may disableconversion circuitry 104, it may disable the output interface 112, or itmay open a switch effectively disconnecting components such as, forexample, input interface 102 or output interface 112.

By disconnecting the output interface 112, the input overcurrentprotection module 116 can protect the input cable by cutting the overload current from being drawn. In various embodiments, the inputovercurrent protection module 116 may trigger the power supply 100 toturn off at the detection of an input overcurrent event However, as thepower supply is capable of supplying the necessary power and is onlylimited by the input components, the input overcurrent protection module116 can protect the input components by merely disabling the outputinterface without shutting down the input interface 102 as well.

FIG. 1B illustrates an example input overcurrent protection circuit inaccordance with embodiments of the technology disclosed herein. Thisexample current protection circuit includes a current monitor circuit132 and a timer circuit 134. In operation, current monitor circuit 132monitors the current at input interface 102. For example, circuitryconnected between input interface 102 and conversion circuitry 104 canmonitor the amount of current being drawn via the input components suchas, for example, in input cable 142. When an overcurrent condition isdetected (e.g., the current level is greater than a specified threshold)overcurrent signal 152 is generated by the current monitor circuit 132and sent to timer circuit 134. For example, overcurrent signal 152 canpresent a HIGH (or LOW) signal level at the input of timer circuit 134.The rising (or falling) edge of overcurrent signal 152 initiates timercircuit 134 to begin timing the duration of the overcurrent condition.For example, timer circuit 134 can be implemented as a counter circuitor other like circuit to count clock pulses provided by a clock signal154. Other time circuits can be used.

If the overcurrent condition persists for longer than a predeterminedamount of time, timer circuit 134 sends a trigger signal 156 to thepower supply to shut down the power supply or one or more componentsthereof. When current monitor circuit 132 detects that the current levelhas fallen below the set threshold, a reset signal 158 can be sent totimer circuit 134 to reset the timer and stop counting. If the resetsignal 158 is received before timer circuit 134 has reached thepredetermined amount of time, no trigger signal 156 is sent.

In some implementations, a secondary timer may be included such that thereset signal 158 is not sent immediately upon detecting the current hasfallen below a threshold level. If the input current returns above thethreshold level before the secondary timer reaches a specified value,then the reset signal 158 is not sent. In other words, the secondarytimer (not shown) can be used to require the reset signal 158 to bepresent for predetermined period of time before resetting timer circuit134. This can be included to ensure that short-duration dips belowthreshold that may occur in between long-duration overcurrent conditionsdon't reset the timer.

Thus, an input overcurrent event is determined to have occurred when atriggering condition is satisfied. In the example described above, thetriggering condition is that the input current is above the thresholdfor a predetermined amount of time. However, this is merely one exampleof a triggering condition that could be used to determine whether aninput overcurrent event has occurred. In some examples, other triggeringconditions may be considered in addition to or in lieu of theabove-described condition. For example, another triggering conditionthat could be used by the input overcurrent protection module 116 iswhether the current rises above the threshold more than a specifiednumber of times within a specified period. This condition would capturerecurring but relatively brief rises above the threshold.

Similar circuitry as that illustrated in FIG. 1B could be used fortesting the second example condition noted above, with the addition of acounter (not illustrated) to count the number of times the overcurrentsignal 152 occurs. In this example, the timer circuit 134 could begin torun when a first overcurrent signal 152 is received and continue to rununtil a specified time has passed, whereupon the timer circuit 134 couldreset the counter. If the counter passes a specified number, then it maysend the trigger signal 156.

In various embodiments, control inputs 162, 164 can be provided toadjust the settings of current monitor circuit 132 and timer circuit134. For example, control signal 162 can be used to adjust the currentthresholds programmed into the current monitor circuit 132. Likewise,control signal 164 can be used, for example, to adjust the amount oftime that must elapse before a trigger signal 156 is sent.

The example circuit illustrated in FIG. 1B can be implemented, forexample, as an integrated circuit or as discrete components. In otherembodiments, other circuits can be used. For example, an integratorcircuit can be used to accumulate the amount of overcurrent conditionexperienced by input components. When a predetermined accumulation ofovercurrent condition is detected by the integrator circuit, theintegrator circuit can send a trigger signal (e.g., trigger signal 156)to shut down the power supply or components thereof. Use of anintegrator circuit, or other like circuit, may allow the system to takeinto account the amounts by which the current is above threshold and thecorresponding times for these overcurrent conditions. Thus, for theinput current is above threshold by only a small amount, this conditionmay be permitted to occur for a longer period of time before the powersupply is shut down, possibly giving the system time to recover. On theother hand, where the input current is above threshold by a large amount(posing more imminent risk to the input components), the power supplymay be shut down sooner.

FIG. 2 is a signal readout 200 illustrating the operation of the inputcurrent protection module 116 in accordance with embodiments of thepresent disclosure. This signal readout 200 use the example of astandard 10A-rated input cable connected to a power supply. Asillustrated, at time t₁, the input current protection module detectsthat the input current has exceeded 10A (i.e., the maximum ratedcurrent), and triggers the overcurrent event detection timer (in thisexample, four seconds). When the overcurrent event detection timer endsat time t₂, the input current protection module detects that the inputcurrent is still exceeding 10A. Therefore, the input current protectionmodule can trigger the power supply to enter a “FAULT” state, sending asignal to the output interface to disable power output, as illustratedby the drop in VOUT in the signal readout 200 going from HIGH to LOW. Inthis example, the power supply remains on, as indicated by the input VACillustrated at the top remaining constant throughout operation. In otherembodiments, the input current protection module may turn off the powersupply, resulting in the input VAC going to zero, as well.

As illustrated in the example of FIG. 2, at the detection of theovercurrent event at time t₂, the input current protection module canalso trigger at time t₂ a reenable delay. The reenable delay is a settime that the input current protection module waits following a detectedovercurrent event before attempting to reenable the output circuitry. Asillustrated, the reenable delay in this example is set at eight seconds.Once the reenable delay expires at time t₃, the input current protectionmodule sends a reenable signal to the output circuitry, and the loadscan again draw power from the power supply.

As can be seen in the example of FIG. 2, following expiration of thereenable delay, the input current remained below the 10A maximum.However, in some cases the input current could immediately be over 10Aonce the output circuitry is reenabled, or the overcurrent condition maytake some time to flare up again. Such cases could indicate a persistentissue, and continually disabling and reenabling the output circuitry maybe detrimental to power supply reliability. Therefore, in someembodiments, the input current protection module may also trigger areoccurrence timer at time t₂. The reoccurrence timer may be a set timeduring which, if the input current is still over 10A before the VOUTtransitions back to HIGH or another input overcurrent event is detected,the input current protection module may disable the reoccurrence timerand signal the power supply to latch off. In this way, the inputovercurrent protection module may protect the input components from apersistent issue within the system that causes the input current toexceed maximum ratings. The power supply can only be reset bydisconnecting the input cable. In various embodiments, the reoccurrencetimer may be set for a length of time sufficient to indicate nopersistent issue. In various embodiments, the input overcurrentprotection module may be configured to send a signal to shut down thepower supply and trigger a latch device. The latch device may beconnected to both the input overcurrent protection module and the outputovercurrent protection module.

If the current does not exceed 10A prior to the VOUT transitioning backto HIGH (in the case of an internal short circuit or issue with thepower supply), or no further input overcurrent events are detectedwithin the reoccurrence timer (in the case of short circuits or issueswith the system), the input current protection module can reset thereoccurrence timer. As the expiration of the timer indicates that apersistent issue does not exist, the input current protection module cango back through the cycle upon detection of a later input overcurrentevent.

Although the example used to describe the operation of the inputovercurrent protection module was with respect to the input cable orcord, other input components may also be protected by the inputovercurrent protection module. For example, the input overcurrentprotection module may be configured such that the maximum rated currentis set based on the rating of the interface component (e.g., an ACinlet). In various embodiments, the input overcurrent protection modulemay be configured to use as the maximum rated current the lowest maximumrating of any input component. In various embodiments, two inputovercurrent protection modules may be included in a power supply, eachdesigned to protect a different input component.

Further, although the example illustrated in FIG. 2 identifies specifictimes for the overcurrent detection timer and the reenable delay, thisshould not be interpreted to limit the scope of the technology to onlythose express values. As stated above, the different delays and timersmay be set according to the needs and tolerances of the system. A personof ordinary skill would not read this disclosure as limiting the timerange of any specific delay or timer.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example method 300 in accordance with embodimentsof the technology disclosed herein. Example method 300 may be executedby an input overcurrent protection module, like the one discussed withrespect to FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 2. At operation 302, an input currentexceeding a threshold current is detected. In various embodiments, theinput component may be an input cord, an AC inlet, a DC inlet, aconnector or another component used to provide a power input into thepower supply. The threshold hold current is a maximum current for whichone or more input components are rated. For example, if a standard inputcord is used connect the power supply to a power source, the thresholdcurrent can be set as the maximum current for which the input cord israted, as explained with respect to the sample scenario in FIG. 2.

At operation 304, an overcurrent event detection timer is triggered. Theovercurrent event detection timer may be similar to the overcurrentevent detection timer described with respect to FIGS. 1B and 2. Invarious embodiments, the overcurrent event detection timer represents aperiod for waiting to see if the higher input current was a mere spikeor other transient occurrence, or if it lasts long enough to indicate apotential issue for the input components.

At the expiration of the overcurrent event detection timer, it isdetermined whether the input current is still over the threshold currentat decision 306. In various embodiments, the determination is made by aninput overcurrent protection module, like the one discussed with respectto FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2. If the input current is no longer above thethreshold current, an overcurrent event is deemed not to have beendetected and the overcurrent event detection timer is reset at operation308. If, however, the input current is still over the threshold current,several actions may be taken at operation 310. These may include one ormore of a disable signal to the output circuitry; a reenable delay istriggered; and a reoccurrence timer is triggered. The actions taken atoperation 310 can be performed by an input overcurrent protection modulelike the one discussed with respect to FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2. In variousembodiments, these actions can place the power supply into a “FAULT”state.

The circuitry continues to monitor the input current even after thepower supply is placed into a FAULT state. At decision 312, circuitrydetermines whether the input current is still over the thresholdcurrent. If the input current still exceeds the threshold current at312, the power supply is latched off at operation 314. If the inputcurrent is determined to exceed the threshold current at 312, this mayindicate an issue with the power supply itself as there is no loadduring this period because the output circuitry is still disabled.

If the input current does not exceed the threshold current at 312, thecircuitry determines whether the reenable delay has expired at decision316. If the delay has not expired, the output circuitry remains disabledand the input current will continued to be checked in the FAULT state(e.g., with the output disabled) to determine whether the issue iswithin the power supply itself. If the reenable delay has expired, themethod 300 exits the loop and a reenable signal is sent to the outputcircuitry at operation 318.

After reenabling the output circuitry, a new loop begins. A decision ismade at 320 whether the input current still exceeds the thresholdcurrent. If it does, the power supply is latched off at operation 314such that the power supply cannot be reset without disconnecting theinput cable. In various embodiments, the reoccurrence timer can also bedisabled when the input current still exceeds the threshold current. Ifthe threshold current is not exceeded, at decision 322 it is determinedwhether the reoccurrence timer has expired. If the timer has notexpired, the loop continues, with the input current protection modulecontinuing to check the input current against the threshold current. Ifthe reoccurrence timer has expired, and the input current has notexceeded the threshold current during that time, the reoccurrence timeris reset at operation 324. In this way, the method 300 can be triggeredagain the next time that the input current exceeds the thresholdcurrent.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example input current protection system 400 inaccordance with embodiments of the technology disclosed herein. Invarious embodiments, the input current protection system 400 may besimilar to the input overcurrent protection module 114 discussed withrespect to FIGS. 1-3. As illustrated, example input current protectionsystem 400 includes a processing device 410. In various embodiments,processing device 410 may be an integrated circuit may be afield-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integratedcircuit (ASIC), complex programmable logic devices (CPLD), or othertypes of digital integrated circuits. In some embodiments, theprocessing device 410 may be a microcontroller or other processor-typedevice.

Processing device 410 is configured to execute instructions stored on amachine readable medium 420. In various embodiments, the machinereadable medium 420 may be firmware instructions stored in anon-volatile memory of the input current protection system 400. In someembodiments, machine readable medium 420 may be one or more types ofcomputer storage mediums. Non-limiting examples include: flash memory;solid state storage (SSD) devices; storage area network (SAN); removablememory (e.g., memory stick, CD, SD cards, etc.); or internal computerRAM or ROM; among other types of computer storage mediums.

The instructions stored on the machine readable medium 420 may includevarious sub-instructions for performing the function embodied by theidentified functions. For example, “Detect Input Overcurrent Event” maycomprise sub-instructions for detecting an input current over athreshold current, triggering an input overcurrent event detectiontimer, and resetting an input overcurrent event detection timer, similarto the operations 302-308 of FIG. 3 and the operation of input currentprotection module 116 discussed with respect to FIGS. 1-2. Theinstruction “Activate FAULT State” may comprise sub-instructions fordisabling power supply output circuitry, triggering a reenable delay,and triggering a reoccurrence timer, similar to operation 310 of FIG. 3,and the operation of input overcurrent protection module 116 discussedwith respect to FIGS. 1-2. The instruction “Identify Issue With PowerSupply” may comprise sub-instructions to check the input current whilethe power supply is in the FAULT state, latching the power supply if thethreshold is exceeded, and whether the reenable timer has expired,similar to the decisions 312, 314, and 316 of FIG. 3, and the operationof input current protection module 116 discussed with respect to FIGS.1A, 1B, and 2. The instruction “Deactivate FAULT State” may comprisesub-instructions to send a reenable signal to the output circuit likeoperation 318 of FIG. 3, and the operation of input current protectionmodule 116 discussed with respect to FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2. The instruction“Identify Issue With Loads” may comprise sub-instructions to check theinput current after reenabling the output circuitry, latching the powersupply if the threshold is exceeded, whether the reoccurrence timer hasexpired, disabling the reoccurrence timer, and resetting thereoccurrence timer similar to operations 314 and 320-324 of FIG. 3, andthe operation of input overcurrent protection module 116 discussed withrespect to FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2. Machine readable medium 620 may includeadditional instructions to perform other functions in variousembodiments.

In general, the word “component,” “engine,” “system,” “database,” datastore,” and the like, as used herein, can refer to logic embodied inhardware or firmware, or to a collection of software instructions,possibly having entry and exit points, written in a programminglanguage, such as, for example, Java, C or C++. A software component maybe compiled and linked into an executable program, installed in adynamic link library, or may be written in an interpreted programminglanguage such as, for example, BASIC, Perl, or Python. It will beappreciated that software components may be callable from othercomponents or from themselves, and/or may be invoked in response todetected events or interrupts. Software components configured forexecution on computing devices may be provided on a computer readablemedium, such as a compact disc, digital video disc, flash drive,magnetic disc, or any other tangible medium, or as a digital download(and may be originally stored in a compressed or installable format thatrequires installation, decompression or decryption prior to execution).Such software code may be stored, partially or fully, on a memory deviceof the executing computing device, for execution by the computingdevice. Software instructions may be embedded in firmware, such as anEPROM. It will be further appreciated that hardware components may becomprised of connected logic units, such as gates and flip-flops, and/ormay be comprised of programmable units, such as programmable gate arraysor processors.

Each of the processes, methods, and algorithms described in thepreceding sections may be embodied in, and fully or partially automatedby, code components executed by one or more computer systems or computerprocessors comprising computer hardware. The one or more computersystems or computer processors may also operate to support performanceof the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a“software as a service” (SaaS). The processes and algorithms may beimplemented partially or wholly in application-specific circuitry. Thevarious features and processes described above may be used independentlyof one another, or may be combined in various ways. Differentcombinations and sub-combinations are intended to fall within the scopeof this disclosure, and certain method or process blocks may be omittedin some implementations. The methods and processes described herein arealso not limited to any particular sequence, and the blocks or statesrelating thereto can be performed in other sequences that areappropriate, or may be performed in parallel, or in some other manner.Blocks or states may be added to or removed from the disclosed exampleembodiments. The performance of certain of the operations or processesmay be distributed among computer systems or computers processors, notonly residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number ofmachines.

As used herein, a circuit might be implemented utilizing any form ofhardware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or moreprocessors, controllers, ASICs, PLAs, PALs, CPLDs, FPGAs, logicalcomponents, software routines or other mechanisms might be implementedto make up a circuit. In implementation, the various circuits describedherein might be implemented as discrete circuits or the functions andfeatures described can be shared in part or in total among one or morecircuits. Even though various features or elements of functionality maybe individually described or claimed as separate circuits, thesefeatures and functionality can be shared among one or more commoncircuits, and such description shall not require or imply that separatecircuits are required to implement such features or functionality. Wherea circuit is implemented in whole or in part using software, suchsoftware can be implemented to operate with a computing or processingsystem capable of carrying out the functionality described with respectthereto.

In common usage, the term “or” can have an inclusive sense or exclusivesense. As used herein, the term “or” should always be construed in theinclusive sense unless the exclusive sense is specifically indicated orlogically necessary. The exclusive sense of “or” is specificallyindicated when, for example, the term “or” is paired with the term“either”, as in “either A or B.” As another example, the exclusive sensemay also be specifically indicated by appending “exclusive” or “but notboth” after the list of items, as in “A or B, exclusive” and “A or B butnot both.” Moreover, the description of resources, operations, orstructures in the singular shall not be read to exclude the plural.Conditional language, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or“may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understoodwithin the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certainembodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certainfeatures, elements and/or steps.

Terms and phrases used in this document, and variations thereof, unlessotherwise expressly stated, should be construed as open ended as opposedto limiting. Adjectives such as “conventional,” “traditional,” “normal,”“standard,” “known,” and terms of similar meaning should not beconstrued as limiting the item described to a given time period or to anitem available as of a given time, but instead should be read toencompass conventional, traditional, normal, or standard technologiesthat may be available or known now or at any time in the future. Thepresence of broadening words and phrases such as “one or more,” “atleast,” “but not limited to” or other like phrases in some instancesshall not be read to mean that the narrower case is intended or requiredin instances where such broadening phrases may be absent.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device, comprising: an input interface; aconversion circuitry connected to the input interface and configured toconvert an input power into an output power; an output interfaceconnected to the conversion circuitry; and an input current protectionmodule connected to the input interface and the output interface andconfigured to: detect an input overcurrent event when an input currentdrawn from the input interface exceeds a threshold current; based ondetecting the input overcurrent event: send a disable signal to theoutput interface; and trigger a reenable delay and a reoccurrence timer,the reenable delay comprising a delay before the input currentprotection module can send a reenable signal to the output interface;monitor an input current drawn from the input interface during thereenable delay; determine whether the input current drawn from the inputinterface during the reenable delay exceeds the threshold current; andbased on determining that the input current drawn from the inputinterface during the reenable delay exceeds the threshold current, senda signal to shut down and latch the device.
 2. The device of claim 1,wherein the input current protection module is an integrated circuit. 3.The device of claim 1, wherein the input current protection module is aprocessing device configured to execute one or more instructionsmaintained in a machine-readable storage medium.
 4. The device of claim3, wherein the machine-readable storage medium is a non-volatile memory.5. The device of claim 1, wherein an input overcurrent event occurs whenthe input current through the input interface exceeds a thresholdcurrent.
 6. The device of claim 5, the threshold current comprising amaximum current rating for an input component.
 7. The device of claim 6,the input component comprising one of an input cable, an AC inlet, a DCinlet, or other component of the input interface.
 8. The device of claim5, wherein an input overcurrent event occurs when the input currentexceeds the threshold current for a length of an overcurrent eventdetection timer.
 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the input currentprotection module is configured to: based on determining that the inputcurrent drawn from the input interface during the reenable delay doesnot exceed the threshold current, send a reenable signal to the outputinterface.
 10. The device of claim 1, the reoccurrence timer comprisinga set time from when the input overcurrent event is detected.
 11. Thedevice of claim 10, wherein the input current protection module isconfigured to: based on determining that a second input overcurrentevent is detected before the reoccurrence timer expires, send a signalto shut down and latch the device.
 12. The device of claim 10, whereinthe input current protection module is configured to: based ondetermining that a second input overcurrent event is not detected beforethe reoccurrence timer expires, reset the reoccurrence timer.
 13. Adevice, comprising: an input interface; a conversion circuitry connectedto the input interface and configured to convert an input power into anoutput power; an output interface connected to the conversion circuitry;and an input current protection module connected to the input interfaceand the output interface and configured to: detect an input overcurrentevent when an input current drawn from the input interface exceeds athreshold current; based on detecting the input overcurrent event: senda disable signal to the output interface; and trigger a reenable delayand a reoccurrence timer, the reoccurrence timer comprising a set timefrom when the input overcurrent event is detected; monitor an inputcurrent drawn from the input interface during the reoccurrence timer;determine whether a second input overcurrent event is detected beforethe reoccurrence timer expires; and based on determining that a secondinput overcurrent event is detected before the reoccurrence timerexpires, send a signal to shut down and latch the device.
 14. The deviceof claim 13, wherein the input current protection module is configuredto: based on determining that a second input overcurrent event is notdetected before the reoccurrence timer expires, reset the reoccurrencetimer.
 15. The device of claim 13, the reenable delay comprising a delaybefore the input current protection module can send a reenable signal tothe output interface.
 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the inputcurrent protection module is configured to: monitor an input currentdrawn from the input interface during the reenable delay.
 17. The deviceof claim 16, wherein the input current protection module is configuredto: determine whether the input current drawn from the input interfaceduring the reenable delay exceeds the threshold current; and based ondetermining that the input current drawn from the input interface duringthe reenable delay exceeds the threshold current, send a signal to shutdown and latch the device.
 18. The device of claim 16, wherein the inputcurrent protection module is configured to: based on determining thatthe input current drawn from the input interface during the reenabledelay does not exceed the threshold current, send a reenable signal tothe output interface.
 19. An input current protection system,comprising: a processor device; and at least one non-volatilemachine-readable storage medium comprising instructions executable bythe processor device to: detect an input overcurrent event when an inputcurrent drawn from an input interface of a power supply exceeds athreshold current; based on detecting the input overcurrent event: senda disable signal to an output interface of the power supply; and triggera reenable delay and a reoccurrence timer, the reenable delay comprisinga delay before the input current protection system can send a reenablesignal to the output interface; monitor an input current drawn from theinput interface during the reenable delay; determine whether the inputcurrent drawn from the input interface during the reenable delay exceedsthe threshold current; based on determining that the input current drawnfrom the input interface during the reenable delay exceeds the thresholdcurrent, send a signal to shut down and latch the power supply; andbased on determining that the input current drawn from the inputinterface during the reenable delay does not exceed the thresholdcurrent send a reenable signal to the output interface.
 20. The inputcurrent protection system of claim 19, wherein the reoccurrence timercomprises a set time from when the input overcurrent event is detected,wherein the instructions comprise instructions to: based on determiningthat a second input overcurrent event is detected before thereoccurrence timer expires, send a signal to shut down and latch thedevice; and based on determining that a second input overcurrent eventis not detected before the reoccurrence timer expires, reset thereoccurrence timer.